Hines, Hungerford & Tomera · 1987
Measures the degree to which individuals perceive themselves as capable, motivated, and empowered agents of environmental change. Assesses the belief that one's own actions can make a meaningful difference to environmental outcomes — combining elements of environmental self-efficacy, internal locus of control, and proactive environmental agency. Distinguishes between personal agency (belief in one's own capacity to act) and collective agency (belief in the capacity of groups and communities to effect environmental change). Relevant for predicting environmental activism, civic engagement, and sustained pro-environmental behavior.
Hines, J. M., Hungerford, H. R., & Tomera, A. N. (1987). Analysis and synthesis of research on responsible environmental behavior: A meta-analysis. Journal of Environmental Education, 18(2), 1–8.
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