Wildland Fear Expectancy Scale

Overview

Measures the degree to which individuals expect to experience fear, anxiety, or discomfort in wildland and wilderness settings. Assesses fear expectancies related to specific wildland hazards including wildlife encounters (bears, snakes, insects), getting lost, physical injury, weather, and darkness. Developed to understand psychological barriers to wildland recreation and nature engagement, particularly among urban populations with limited wildland experience. Fear expectancies are distinct from actual fear responses — they represent anticipated emotional reactions that influence recreation behavior and nature avoidance.

Measure Details

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